IT teams are also faced with the difficult task of identifying rogue IoT on their networks added there by employees. When it comes time to deploy IoT, network and systems administrators face the difficult task of managing devices where endpoint-based detection and visibility tools are either unavailable or highly discouraged to reduce risk of interfering with the device. The 2016 Mirai botnet flourished not by exploiting some sophisticated zero-day vulnerability in IoT cameras, but by running through a list of 61 common usernames and passwords against a management interface left open by the device manufacturers. This leads to devices with weak hard-coded passwords, outdated software, and operating systems lacking even basic hardening protections. When the only concerns are that the device is cheap and that it technically works, manufacturers lack incentive to spend resources improving the security of their products. The first issue, security considerations during manufacturing, is largely because most IoT consumers demand devices that are inexpensive and first and foremost.
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IoT security concerns can boil down to three main issues, 1) A lack of security considerations during manufacturing, 2) A lack of knowledge and visibility for those that deploy IoT, and 3) A lack of device update management after deployment.
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In fact, last year researchers found 45% of medical devices were vulnerable to the critical BlueKeep Windows exploit that Microsoft considered serious enough to release legacy patches for out of support versions of their operating system.
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Drawing parallels to traditional IoT that typically comes as custom software running on a several-year-old flavor of Linux, medical IoT devices are often built on archaic versions of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server. Additionally, healthcare delivery organizations (HDOs) like hospitals and clinics often rely on expensive highly customized applications and devices that they are then hesitant to apply updates and patches to for risk of breaking something and leaving them without their critical tools. The medical industry faces a unique concern where technical issues can manifest to actual life and death scenarios. But that benefit comes at the cost of increased attack surface for threat actors. Industry experts place the healthcare IoT adoption on track to reaching a massive 25.9% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) by 2028, primarily because of the massive benefit network-connected sensors and data sharing provide. IoT in the healthcare industry is a perfect example of this trend. While these high-profile breaches draw attention to traditional IoT devices and their security concerns, other classes of IoT continue to skyrocket in adoption rates despite having just as serious of security concerns and potentially even more disastrous of results in the event of a breach. From the Mirai botnet that took disrupted internet goliaths like Netflix, Twitter, and Reddit in 2016 to the recent Verkada security camera breaches that impacted tech giants Tesla and Cloudflare, IoT weaknesses have continued to be a popular tool in the cybercriminal arsenal despite constant warnings from security professionals.
The Internet of Things (IoT) industry has a security problem that has existed since its inception. By Marc Laliberte, Technical Security Operations Manager, WatchGuard Technologies
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